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Fact Sheets

 

The Oncology Section of APTA is beginning a project to create a series of Oncology PT Fact sheets. Each fact sheet will deal with a different aspect of physical therapy treatment in cancer and HIV patients.

  1. Fact Sheet: Lymphedema Fact Sheet
  2. Fact Sheet: HIV and Physical Therapy: What to Expect
  3. Fact Sheet: Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy
  4. APTA Issue Brief: Addressing Health Care Needs for Prevention and Management of Lymphedema

FACT SHEETS IN PROGRESS:

  • Melanoma
  • Ovarian Cancer

If you have a specific topic you believe deserves an individual Fact Sheet, or if you believe you have specific expertise in an area and would like to contribute to the project, please e-mail us here.

Have a suggestion for this section?

 

APTA Resources
 

The American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) and your physical therapist (PT) are active in lobbying Congress to make sure that your services remain covered under programs like Medicare. As Congress continues to trim costs, it is important for patients to let their voices be heard.

 

Resource Library
 

We have rearranged our resources for ease in your research endeavors. Please select the alphabet corresponding to your search. Non-specific cancer website links can be found under “W” for websites. If there are additional resources you would like added, please click here

 

Resource Library Have a suggested link for this section?
 

We have rearranged our resources for ease in your research endeavors. Please select the alphabet corresponding to your search. Non-specific cancer website links can be found under "W" for websites. If there are additional resources you would like added, please click here

A

B

C

 
Cancer: General
  • Clinical Oncology
    • Casciato and Lowitz.   Manual of Clinical Oncology. 
    • Goodman/Boissonault.   Pathology.
    • McGarvey, CL.  Physical Therapy for the Cancer Patient 1990.
    • Murphy G, Lawrence W, Lenhard R eds.  The American Cancer society Textbook of Clinical Oncology, second edition, 1995.  To obtain a copy, call 1-800-ACS-2345.  It is an excellent reference text on clinical
    • Oncology and has a chapter on rehabilitation and supportive care.
    • Schneider, CM, and Carolyn & Susan D. Carter. Exercise and Cancer Recovery.  Available at human kinetics publishers website.
  • Bone metastases
    • Skeletal Metastasis: Evidence Table by Amy Kushner, PT/CLT-LANA: Amy Kushner, PT/CLT-LANA
    • Adcock J. Skeletal Metastases in Breast cancer Medical and Physical Management  Rehabilitation Oncology 1987; 5(3):12-13
    • Bunting R. Rehabilitation of the patient with bone metastases. Rehabilitation Oncology 2000; 18(1):24-25
    • Egan M. surgical and physical therapy considerations for patients with bone metastases. Rehabilitation Oncology 2001; 19(2):25-26
    • Gudas S. Pathophysiology of metastatic bone disease. Rehabilitation Oncology 1989; 7(1): 7-8
 
Cancer: Finding Cancer
 
Cancer: Treatments for cancer
  • Sentinel node biopsy
    • Armer J, Fu MR, Wainstock JM, Zagar E, Jacobs LK. Lymphedema following breast cancer treatment, including sentinel lymph node biopsy. Lymphology. Jun 2004;37(2):73-91.
    • de Vries M, Vonkeman WG, van Ginkel RJ, Hoekstra HJ. Morbidity after inguinal sentinel lymph node biopsy and completion lymph node dissection in patients with cutaneous melanoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 2006.
    • Haid A, Kuehn T, Konstantiniuk P, et al. Shoulder-arm morbidity following axillary dissection and sentinel node only biopsy for breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol. Nov 2002;28(7):705-710.
    • Lane K, Worsley D, McKenzie D.  Exercise and the Lymphatic System: Implications for Breast Cancer Survivors.  Sports Med 35(6):461-471, 2005.
    • Langer S, Guenther JM, Haigh PI, Difronzo LA. Lymphatic mapping improves staging and reduces morbidity in women undergoing total mastectomy for breast carcinoma. Am Surg. Oct 2004;70(10):881-885.
    • Lymphedema: Understanding and Managing Lymphedema After Cancer Treatment.  Atlanta, Ga, 2006, American Cancer Society.
    • Mansel RE, Fallowfield L, Kissin M, Goyal A, Newcombe RG, Dixon JM et al. Randomized multicenter trial of sentinel node biopsy versus standard axillary treatment in operable breast cancer: the ALMANAC Trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006; 98(9):599-609.
    • Mathew J, Barthelmes L, Neminathan S, Crawford D. Comparative study of lymphoedema with axillary node dissection versus axillary node sampling with radiotherapy in patients undergoing breast conservation surgery. Eur J Surg Oncol 2006.
    • McCready D, Holloway C, Shelley W, Down N, Robinson P, Sinclair S et al. Surgical management of early stage invasive breast cancer: a practice guideline. Can J Surg 2005; 48(3):185-194.
    • Roaten JB, Pearlman N, Gonzalez R, Gonzalez R, McCarter MD. Identifying risk factors for complications following sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma. Arch Surg 2005; 140(1):85-89.
    • Sener S et al: Lymphedema after sentinel lymphadenectomy for breast carcinoma, Cancer 92(4): 748-752, 2001.
    • Silberman AW, McVay C, Cohen JS, et al. Comparative morbidity of axillary lymph node dissection and the sentinel lymph node technique: implications for patients with breast cancer. Ann Surg. Jul 2004;240(1):1-6.
    • Wilke LG, McCall LM, Posther KE, Whitworth PW, Reintget DS, Leitch AM, Gabram SG, Lucci A, Cox CE, Hunt KK, Herndon JL, Guiliano AE.  Surgical complications associated with sentinel lymph node biopsy: Results from a prospective international cooperative group trial.  Annals of Surg Oncol. 13(4):491-500, 2005.
    • Wilke LG, McCall LM, Posther KE, Whitworth PW, Reintgen DS, Leitch AM et al. Surgical complications associated with sentinel lymph node biopsy: results from a prospective international cooperative group trial. Ann Surg Oncol 2006; 13(4):491-500
  • Breast Reconstruction
 
Cancer: Side effects of Cancer Treatments
 
Carcinoid (Includes GI)
 
Cervical
 
Children: See Pediatric
Submit a site
 
Chemo-Brain
 
Chemotherapy
 
Chronic Venous Insufficency
 
Clinical Oncology
Submit a site
 
Colorectal/Colon
 

D – E

 
Depression
 
Drugs: See Medications
 
Dysphagia (Includes Speech/Swallow)
Submit a site
 
Endometrial
 
Esophageal (Includes GI)
 
Exercise (Includes Physical Activity)
Submit a site
  • Physical Therapy Intervention in the Patient with Breast Cancer by Nancy J. Roberge, PT, DPT, M.Ed. and the American Physical Therapy Association | Download PPT | Download PDF
  • Complimentary Care: Current Issues and Trends in Oncology Physical Therapy Rehabilitation by Melissa Walker, MPT, CLT., spoke in the fall of 2007 to the annual meeting of the American College of Osteopathic Surgeons.  She presented an overview of physical therapy's role in the oncology team.  She noted that it was very well received and she was told the group would like more of these types of lectures.  Melissa has generously offered to share this presentation with her oncoogy PT colleagues.  The information she put together is on four major areas that we treat most often in patients with the following diagoses: Cancer related fatigue, Post-op breast cancer surgery, head and neck cancer, and lymphedema. 

    Melissa referenced Dr. Nancy Roberge's lecture from the oncology website to address the portion of breast cancer rehabilitation and spoke with Lucinda A. Pfalzer, PT, PhD, FACSM, about major areas to cover.  Jacqueline S. Drouin, PT, PhD was generous with information and lecture ideas. 

    Melissa hopes that in sharing this lecture that 1) others will not have to reinvent the wheel and she would like 2) feedback from other oncology specialists regarding the content.  She requests that if anyone uses the talk or portions of the talk that Melissa is referenced.  Also, please do not duplicate her patient's photos outside of this presentation. Download Here (10mb)

  • Arm Activity Survey
    • Lee TS, Kilbreath SL, Sullivan G, Refshauge KM, Beith JM.  The development of an arm activity survey for breast cancer survivors using the Protection Motivation Theory.   BMC Cancer. 2007 May 8;7:75.  Click Here
  • Malignancy screen in LBP
    • Henschke N, Maher CG, Refshauge KM.   Screening for malignancy in low back pain patients: a systematic review.   Eur Spine J. 2007 Jun 14; Click Here
  • Massage on Patients with Cancer
    • Corbin, L.  Safety and Efficacy of Massage Therapy for Patients With Cancer.  Cancer Control July 2005, Vol. 12, No. 3
  • Physical Activity after Cancer
    • Barclay L, Lie D.  Aerobic Exercise Maintains Erythrocyte Levels During Radiation Treatment of Breast Cancer Medscape Medical News October 9, 2006. 
    • De Backer IC, Schep G, Hoogeveen A, Vreugdenhil G, Kester AD, van Breda E.  Exercise testing and training in a cancer rehabilitation program: the advantage of the steep ramp test.  Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007 May;88(5):610-6. Click Here
    • Holmes MD, Chen WY,Feskanich D, et al: Physical activity and survival after breast cancer diagnosis. JAMA 293:2479-2486, 2005
      • In a study of almost 3000 women with stage 1-3 breast cancer who included physical activity of 9+ metabolic equivalents task (MET)-hours per week (9 MET-hours/wk is roughly equivalent to 4-5 wkly 30-min. sessions of brisk walking), improved their survival rate from breast cancer and overall mortality from other causes by 50-60% compared to less active breast cancer patients studied. Interestingly, the benefits were independent of the subjects pre-diagnosis activity levels. (1)
      • In 2 other studies, using closely paralleled guidelines to Holmes' study, colorectal cancer patients showed a similar association to physical activity and post diagnosis mortality (overall and cancer specific). However, for the colorectal cancer subjects, the level of activity that demonstrated a significantly lower recurrence and increased disease free survival was 18+ MET-hours per week.(2,3)
    • Meyerhardt JA, Giovannucci EL,Holmes MD, et al. Physical activity and survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis. J.Clin.Oncol 24:3527-3534, 2006
    • Meyerhardt JA, Heseltine D, Niedzwiecki D, et al: The impact of physical activity on cancer recurrence and survival in patients with stage III colon cancer: Findings from CALGB 89803. J Clin Oncol 24:3535-3541, 2006
    • Mitchell, Sandra et al. Putting evidence into Practice: Evidence-based interventions for fatigue during and following cancer and its treatment. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, Vol 11, Number 1, 2007.
    • Nutrition and Physical Activity During and after Cancer Rx  "American Cancer Society Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention: Reducing the Risk of cancer with Healthy Food Choices and Physical Activity" in the Sept/Oct 2006 issue and the article "Nutrition and Physical Activity During and After Cancer Treatment:  An American Cancer Society Guide for Informed Choices" in the Nov/Dec 2006 issue of CA-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians.
    • Shamley DR, Srinanaganathan R, Weatherall R, Oskrochi R, Watson M, et al. Changes in shoulder muscle size and activity following treatment for breast cancer Breast Cancer Res Treat Jan 13, 2007. 
  • Orthosis
    • Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngo 2006 May 263 (5) on “ A new shoulder orthosis for paralysis of the trapezius muscle after radical neck dissection”
    • Product information from Angelo Rizzo for scapular winging call the ARK Brace.  Neoprene brace that also provides compression: http://www.arkpcb.com/Product_Information.htm
  • Yoga Journal
  •  

    F

     
    Fatigue

    Mitchell, Sandra et al. - Putting evidence into Practice: Evidence-based interventions for fatigue during and following cancer and its treatment. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, Vol 11, Number 1, 2007.

     

    G

     
    Gastric (Includes GI)
     
    GastroIntestinal : See Carcinoid, Esophageal, Gastric, Liver, Pancreas
     

    H

    I – K

    L

     
    Legislation
    • Comprehensive Cancer Care Improvement Act (H.R. 5465) http://www.canceradvocacy.org/advocacy/comprehensive.aspx    
      • (from Cancer Advocacy Now)
      • What is Comprehensive Cancer Care?
        • Comprehensive cancer care is coordinated, integrated care that involves providers and patients working together to address the particular and varied issues affecting millions of cancer survivors.
      • Comprehensive Cancer Care Improvement Act
        • The Comprehensive Cancer Care Improvement Act (CCCIA) bears that name because it aims to ensure cancer patients access to care that combines curative therapy with symptom management. The Act itself is also comprehensive because it offers an aggressive and thorough set of recommendations for reform of the system of cancer care.
      • Over the past twenty-five years, the number of cancer survivors has increased from three million to ten million. The growth in this population is due largely to progress in the treatment of cancer. However, this system of advanced treatment has often failed to provide survivors with care that addresses the side effects of both cancer and its treatment, which have a significant effect on their quality of life. Cancer survivors may not receive appropriate management of pain, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and depression, and may not have access to psychosocial services. Many cancer patients do not receive a treatment plan at the beginning of therapy, or a summary of their care and plan for monitoring and follow-up care at the end of treatment.
      • The Comprehensive Cancer Care Improvement Act (CCCIA) includes a number of proposals that would advance a system of integrated cancer care and improved communication between patients and their health care teams regarding treatment options and follow-up care. By reforming Medicare reimbursement, enhancing training of professionals who treat cancer survivors, and testing and expanding model systems of integrated care, the Act would advance a system of quality, comprehensive cancer care.
      • Evidence of the need for comprehensive cancer care
        • The reforms proposed in the Act are consistent with key recommendations of the 2005 Institute of Medicine report, From Cancer Patient to Cancer Survivor: Lost in Transition. Key among these recommendations are proposals that: 1) cancer survivors completing care be provided a treatment summary and follow-up plan and 2) programs be developed to encourage interdisciplinary systems for providing integrated cancer care.
      • Provisions of the Act
      • If passed, the CCCIA would:
        • Establish Medicare payment for the development of a cancer care plan and the communication of that plan to the individual patient;
        • Establish Medicare payment for the development of a treatment summary that would also outline follow-up care for survivors;
        • Authorize a Medicare demonstration project to evaluate the cost and effectiveness of delivering comprehensive cancer care without limits that apply to hospice benefits
        • Establish grants programs, administered by HHS, to enhance professional training related to the provision of comprehensive cancer care and to expand and evaluate model programs for the delivery of comprehensive cancer care.
      • You can help ensure that cancer survivors receive the quality care they deserve by asking your congressional Representative to support H.R. 5465, the Comprehensive Cancer Care Improvement Act. It takes less than a minute if you follow this link to the Cancer Advocacy Now! network, http://www.canceradvocacynow.org, where you can send a letter of support to the Representative for your congressional district.
     
    Leukemia: See BLOOD
    Submit a site
     
    Lipedema
     
    Liver (Includes Hepatocellular and GI)
     
    Lung
     
    Low level Laser
    Submit a site
     
    Lymphoma: See BLOOD
    Submit a site
     
    Lymphedema
    • Delayed Shoulder ROM s/p Mastectomy to limit Seromas & Lymphedema
      • Flew TJ.  Wound drainage following radical mastectomy:  the effect of restriction of shoulder movement.  Br J Surg.  1979;66:302-305.
      • Lotze MT, Duncan MA, Gerber LH, Woltering EA, Rosenberg SA.  Early versus delayed shoulder motion following axillary dissection:  a randomized prospective study.  Ann. Surg.  1981;193:288-295.
      • Chen SC, Chen MF.  Timing of shoulder exercise after modified radical mastectomy:   a prospective study.  Chang Gung Med J.  1999;22:37-43.
      • K, Simonite V, Beardshaw A. Delayed versus immediate exercises following surgery for breast cancer: a systematic review. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005;90:263-271
      • Schultz I, Barholm M, Grondal S. Delayed shoulder exercises in reducing seroma frequency after modified radical mastectomy: a prospective randomized study. Ann Surg Oncol 1997;4:293-297
      • Dawson I, Stam L, Heslinga JM, Kalsbeek HL. Effect of shoulder immobilization on wound seroma and shoulder dysfunction following modified radical mastectomy: a randomized prospective clinical trial. Br J Surg 1989;76:311-312
      •  Jansen RF, van Geel AN, de Groot HG et al. Immediate versus delayed shoulder exercises after axillary lymph node dissection. Am J Surg 1990;160:481-484
      • Knight CD, Jr., Griffen FD, Knight CD, Sr. Prevention of seromas in mastectomy wounds. The effect of shoulder immobilization. Arch Surg 1995;130:99-101
    • Low-Level Laser for Lymphedema Treatment
      • Carati CJ, Anderson SN, Gannon BJ, Piller NB. Treatment of postmastectomy lymphedema with low-level laser therapy: a double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Cancer. 2003 Sep 15;98(6):1114-22
    • Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD)
      • Manaul Lymphatic Drainage massage effects on the lymphatics utilizing  Lymphoscintigraphy
      • Ferrandez JC, Laroche JP, Serin D, Felix-Faure C, Vinot JM. [Lymphoscintigraphic aspects of the effects of manual lymphatic drainage]. J Mal Vasc. 1996;21:283-289.
      • Hwang JH, Kwon JY, Lee KW, et al. Changes in lymphatic function after complex physical therapy for lymphedema. Lymphology. 1999;32:15-21.
      • Szuba A, Strauss W, Sirsikar SP, Rockson SG. Quantitative radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy predicts outcome of manual lymphatic therapy in breast cancer-related lymphedema of the upper extremity. Nucl Med Commun. 2002;23:1171-1175.
    • Measurement reliability in Lymphedema
      • Deltombe T, Jamart J, Recloux S, Legrand C, Vandenbroeck N, et al.Reliability and limits of agreement of circumferential, water displacement, and optoelectronic volumetry in the measurement of upper limb lymphedema.
        Lymphology. 2007 Mar;40(1):26-34.  Click Here
    • Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty with Pre-existing Ipsilateral Postmastectomy Lymphedema: Physical Therapy Treatment and Outcomes.
      • Feltman, B.
        APTA Rehabilitation Oncology Journal Vol. 25, No.3, 2007
    • Validating a lymphedema questionnaire
      • Armer J, Fu M, Wainstock E, Zagar E, Jacobs L. Lymphedema following breast cancer treatment, including sentinel lymph node biopsy. Lymphology. 2004;37:73-91.
      • Norman S, Miller L, Erikson H, Norman M, McCorkle R. Development and validation of a telephone questionnaire to characterize lymphedema in women treated for breast cancer. Phys Ther. 2001;81:1192-1205.
     

    M

    N

     
    NeuroEndocrine
     
    Neuropathy
     
    Non-Hodgkin's: See Blood
    Submit a site
     

    O

     
    Oncology
    • Oncology Journals from the Lancet
      Jill Conrad, Site Information Analyst
     
    Orthosis
    Submit a site
     
    Ovarian
     

    P

    Q – S

     
    Radiation
     
    Sentinel Nodal Biopsy
    Submit a site
     
    Skin
     
    Soft Tissue Sarcoma
     
    Speech/Swallow: See Dysphagia
     
    Support Groups
    • Caring Bridge - Help family and friends stay informed by creating a web page with photos and information for loved ones undergoing cancer treatments at their free website.
     
    Surgical Procedures
     

    T

    U – V

    W – Z

     
     


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